Endocrinology and Metabolism

Review Article

Calcium & Bone Metabolism
Updates on Paget’s Disease of Bone: Yong Jun Choi, Young Bae Sohn, Yoon-Sok Chung; Endocrinol Metab. 2022;37(5):732-743. Published online October 25, 2022; DOI: https://doi.org/10.3803/EnM.2022.1575

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Paget’s disease of the bone is a prevalent bone disease characterized by disorganized bone remodeling; however, it is comparatively uncommon in East Asian countries, including China, Japan, and Korea. The exact cause still remains unknown. In genetically susceptible individuals, environmental triggers such as paramyxoviral infections are likely to cause the disease. Increased osteoclast activity results in increased bone resorption, which attracts osteoblasts and generates new bone matrix. Fast bone resorption and formation lead to the development of disorganized bone tissue. Increasing serum alkaline phosphatase or unique radiographic lesions may serve as the diagnostic indicators. Common symptoms include bone pain, bowing of the long bones, an enlarged skull, and hearing loss. The diagnosis is frequently confirmed by radiographic and nuclear scintigraphy of the bone. Further, bisphosphonates such as zoledronic acid and pamidronate are effective for its treatment. Moreover, biochemical monitoring is superior to the symptoms as a recurrence indicator. This article discusses the updates of Paget’s disease of bone with a clinical case.

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Paget's disease of bone in the patient presented with a bowed leg
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Clinical Case Reports.2023;[Epub] CrossRef

Special Article

Miscellaneous
Diagnosis and Treatment of Growth Hormone Deficiency: A Position Statement from Korean Endocrine Society and Korean Society of Pediatric Endocrinology: Jung Hee Kim, Hyun Wook Chae, Sang Ouk Chin, Cheol Ryong Ku, Kyeong Hye Park, Dong Jun Lim, Kwang Joon Kim, Jung Soo Lim, Gyuri Kim, Yun Mi Choi, Seong Hee Ahn, Min Ji Jeon, Yul Hwangbo, Ju Hee Lee, Bu Kyung Kim, Yong Jun Choi, Kyung Ae Lee, Seong-Su Moon, Hwa Young Ahn, Hoon Sung Choi, Sang Mo Hong, Dong Yeob Shin, Ji A Seo, Se Hwa Kim, Seungjoon Oh, Sung Hoon Yu, Byung Joon Kim, Choong Ho Shin, Sung-Woon Kim, Chong Hwa Kim, Eun Jig Lee; Endocrinol Metab. 2020;35(2):272-287. Published online June 24, 2020; DOI: https://doi.org/10.3803/EnM.2020.35.2.272

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Growth hormone (GH) deficiency is caused by congenital or acquired causes and occurs in childhood or adulthood. GH replacement therapy brings benefits to body composition, exercise capacity, skeletal health, cardiovascular outcomes, and quality of life. Before initiating GH replacement, GH deficiency should be confirmed through proper stimulation tests, and in cases with proven genetic causes or structural lesions, repeated GH stimulation testing is not necessary. The dosing regimen of GH replacement therapy should be individualized, with the goal of minimizing side effects and maximizing clinical improvements. The Korean Endocrine Society and the Korean Society of Pediatric Endocrinology have developed a position statement on the diagnosis and treatment of GH deficiency. This position statement is based on a systematic review of evidence and expert opinions.

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Phenotypic spectrum of patients with mutations in CHD7: clinical implications of endocrinological findings
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Endocrine Connections.2022;[Epub] CrossRef
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Review Article

Bone Metabolism
Dual-Energy X-Ray Absorptiometry: Beyond Bone Mineral Density Determination: Yong Jun Choi; Endocrinol Metab. 2016;31(1):25-30. Published online March 16, 2016; DOI: https://doi.org/10.3803/EnM.2016.31.1.25

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Significant improvements in dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry (DXA) concerning quality, image resolution and image acquisition time have allowed the development of various functions. DXA can evaluate bone quality by indirect analysis of micro- and macro-architecture of the bone, which and improve the prediction of fracture risk. DXA can also detect existing fractures, such as vertebral fractures or atypical femur fractures, without additional radiologic imaging and radiation exposure. Moreover, it can assess the metabolic status by the measurement of body composition parameters like muscle mass and visceral fat. Although more studies are required to validate and clinically use these parameters, it is clear that DXA is not just for bone mineral densitometry.

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Original Article

Obesity and Metabolism
Testosterone Deficiency Associated with Poor Glycemic Control in Korean Male Diabetics: Joo-Sung Kim, Bong Sun Kim, Ja Young Jeon, Yong Jun Choi, Yoon-Sok Chung; Endocrinol Metab. 2014;29(3):300-306. Published online September 25, 2014; DOI: https://doi.org/10.3803/EnM.2014.29.3.300

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Background

Recent studies have shown that men with diabetes have lower testosterone levels than healthy men. However, studies on the correlation between testosterone and diabetes are rare in Korea. We examined the relationship between testosterone deficiency and markers related to diabetes in adult Korean men.

Methods

A total 464 men with diabetes who visited an outpatient clinic at Ajou University Hospital and had serum total testosterone and serum insulin levels measured between January 2000 and September 2013 were selected. Blood samples were collected after the subjects had fasted overnight. We divided the participants into testosterone deficient and normal groups. Testosterone deficiency was defined as having a serum total testosterone level <3.5 ng/mL.

Results

Of 464 subjects, 34.9% had a testosterone deficiency. The mean levels of fasting plasma glucose (P=0.007) and glycated hemoglobin (HbA1c; P=0.038) were significantly higher in the testosterone deficiency group than in the normal group. To clarify the relationship between serum total testosterone level and fasting plasma glucose or HbA1c values, Pearson's correlation test was performed. Fasting plasma glucose levels (r=-0.142, P=0.002) and HbA1c values (r=-0.097, P=0.040) showed a significant negative correlation with serum testosterone levels in men with diabetes.

Conclusion

Major markers of diabetes that are associated with testosterone deficiency are fasting plasma glucose and HbA1c values. Poor glycemic control appears to be associated with testosterone deficiency in Korean men with diabetes.

Citations

Citations to this article as recorded by

Association between T2DM and the lowering of testosterone levels among Kashmiri males
Rabia Farooq, Mohammad Hayat Bhat, Sabhiya Majid, Mohammad Muzaffar Mir
Archives of Endocrinology and Metabolism.2020;[Epub] CrossRef
Hypogonadism and associated risk factors in male patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus attending the diabetic clinic of Tikur Anbessa Specialized Teaching Hospital, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia
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Articles in 'Endocrinology and Metabolism' in 2014
Won-Young Lee
Endocrinology and Metabolism.2015; 30(1): 47. CrossRef

Case Report

A Case of Familial Multiple Endocrine Neoplasia Type 1 with MEN1 Gene Mutation.: Young Eun Jo, Yong Jun Choi, Yun Kyung Kim, Sang Mi Ahn, Sun Hye Jung, Hae Jin Kim, Dae Jung Kim, Kwan Woo Lee, Ji Hee Hong, Seon Yong Jeong, Hyon J Kim, Yoon Sok Chung; J Korean Endocr Soc. 2007;22(1):68-73. Published online February 1, 2007; DOI: https://doi.org/10.3803/jkes.2007.22.1.68

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Abstract PDF

Multiple endocrine neoplasia type 1 (MEN1) is an autosomal dominant disorder characterized by the combined occurrence of parathyroid, pancreatic islet and pituitary gland tumors. It is caused by mutation of the MEN1, a tumor suppressor gene, with more than 400 different MEN1 mutations having been described. Herein is reported the case of a 26-year-old woman who had complained of personality and behavior changes, coupled with repetitive loss of consciousness. Her random plasma glucose and insulin were 68 mg/dL and 67.3 microIU/mL, respectively. Two pancreatic masses were noted on abdominal computed tomography, with hypercalcemia noted from a routine chemistry test. Her diagnosis was that of MEN1; therefore, her first-degree relatives were also screened. DNA analysis was also performed, from which a MEN1 gene mutation (738del4 -> new nomenclature: 628del4) was detected. Knowledge of the MEN1 mutation status could provide early recognition of a tumor.

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Genetic and Epigenetic Analysis in Korean Patients with Multiple Endocrine Neoplasia Type 1
Yoon Jung Chung, Sena Hwang, Jong Ju Jeong, Sun Yong Song, Se Hoon Kim, Yumie Rhee
Endocrinology and Metabolism.2014; 29(3): 270. CrossRef
Somatic Mutational Analysis of MEN1 and Phenotypic Correlation in Sporadic Parathyroid Tumors
Young Su Chae, Hee Jin Kim, Sun Wook Kim, Myung-Chul Chang
Journal of the Korean Surgical Society.2009; 76(1): 15. CrossRef

Original Article

Relationship between Childhood and Adolescent Obesity and Remnant Lipoprotein.: Yong Jun Choi, Young Eun Jo, Yun Kyung Kim, Sang Mi Ahn, Seung Hee Baik, Sun Hye Jung, Hae Jin Kim, Yoon Sok Chung, Kwan Woo Lee, Dae Jung Kim; J Korean Endocr Soc. 2006;21(4):311-318. Published online August 1, 2006; DOI: https://doi.org/10.3803/jkes.2006.21.4.311

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Abstract PDF

BACKGROUND
Remnant lipoproteins are the lipolytic degradation product of the triglyceride-rich lipoproteins produced by the liver (very-low-density lipoprotein cholesterol) and intestine (chylomicrons). Recent studies have demonstrated a correlation between remnant lipoproteins and cardiovascular risk. Our study assessed the relationship between obesity and remnant lipoproteins and evaluated the factors related to remnant lipoprotein in children and adolescents. METHODS: Body mass index (BMI), waist circumference, systolic and diastolic blood pressures, body fat mass, total abdominal fat, visceral and subcutaneous fat areas, total cholesterol, triglyceride (TG), LDL cholesterol (LDL-C), HDL cholesterol (HDL-C) and remnant lipoprotein cholesterol (RLP-C) were measured in 135 children and adolescents (67 boys and 68 girls). Plasma RLP fractions were isolated using an immunoaffinity gel containing specific anti-apoB-100 and anti-apoA-I antibodies. The subjects were divided into three groups: the low (< 50 percentile), mid (50~84 percentile), and high (> or = 85 percentile) BMI groups. RESULTS: RLP-C was significantly correlated with age, sex, BMI, waist circumference, systolic and diastolic blood pressures, visceral and subcutaneous fat areas, visceral fat area to subcutaneous fat area ratio (VSR), total cholesterol, TG, HDL-C, apoB, and HOMA-IR. From a multivariate regression analysis, TG (beta = 0.928, P < 0.001) was found to be independently correlated with RLP-C. After excluding TG as an independent variable, a multivariate regression analysis revealed that the HOMA-IR (beta=0.231, P=0.007) and systolic blood pressure (beta=0.169, P=0.046) were independently associated with RLP-C. CONCLUSION: RLP-C was significantly higher in obese children and adolescents. TG, systolic blood pressure, and insulin resistance were related to remnant lipoproteins.

Citations

Citations to this article as recorded by

Epidemiology of Childhood Obesity in Korea
Kyoung Hwa Ha, Dae Jung Kim
Endocrinology and Metabolism.2016; 31(4): 510. CrossRef

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